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Pesticide Fate and Transport Laboratory
1. Introduction
Synthetic organic pesticides have become a major
element in modern agricultural production
and the use of pesticides has become an integral part of modern farm
management and important for increasing labor efficiency and land productivity
as well as increasing the quality and commercial value of the productions.
Therefore, during process of transition toward sustainable agriculture, the
modern technology application has brought not only conveniences but also
problems such as pesticide pollution. Extensive use of pesticide in fields in
company with inappropriate field management is probably the main cause of
significant pesticide concentration in water body, which may pose
eco-toxicological effects to aquatic ecosystem and for human health. Monitoring
of pesticide concentration in river systems in Japan indicated that number of
herbicides commonly used in paddy fields have been detected.
2. Research objectives
In
order
to
improve
water
quality
affected
by
agricultural
chemicals,
we
would like to contribute our effort on following objectives:
1.
Investigate
mechanisms
of
pesticide
fate
and
transport
2.
Monitor
pesticide
fate
and
transport
in
aquatic
environments
3.
Develop
simulation
models
for
pesticide
fate
and
transport
4.
Develop
Best
Management
Practice
or
Good
Agricultural
Practice
for
reducing
pesticide losses from agricultural fields.
5.
Environmental
risk
assessments
3. Projects
3.1.Recent and current topic of monitoring and modeling
of pesticide fate and transport were listed below
- Monitoring of pesticide behavior in upland field condition (Piyanuch et al., 2015) and laboratory condition (Piyanuch et al., 2017)
- Developing a simulation model for pesticide dissipation from upland
field (SPEC) (Boulange et al., 2016) and improvement of the SPEC model .
- Investigation of pesticide losses through rainfall-runoff process. Transport of radioactive cesium from agricultural fields under simulated rainfall in Fukushima was conducted in the laboratory (Unpublished) and field scale (Phong et al., 2015).
- Development of pesticide runoff module (project in progress)
- Basin scale modeling of pesticide transport. Development and validation of a basin scale model PCPF-1@SWAT for simulating fate and transport of rice pesticides (Boulange et al., 2014) was carried out and improvement of the model and related module were in the progress.
- Monitoring of soil moisture behavior for efficient irrigation management (project in progress).
3.2. Previous study has been focused in modeling and
monitoring of rice pesticides in rice paddy environment. Topics and selected reference
were listed below.
Ø Monitoring pesticide fate and transport in paddy environments in
multiple scales of lysimeter scale(Nhung
et al., 2009, Thuyet et al., 2012; Ok et al.,2012 ), Plot scale (Thuyet et al.,
2013 Thuyet et al., 2011 , and watershed scale (Boulange et al., 2014).
Ø Development of plot scale models, PCPF-1 (Watanabe et al., 2006) for
granule pesticides, PCPF-NB(Boulange et al., 2016), for nursery box applied
pesticides, and block scale model PCPF-B (Phong et al., 2011) for simulating
pesticide behavior in rice paddy environments.
Ø Also, through the monitoring and modeling, probabilistic risk
assessment of pesticide discharge associated with local weather conditions and
water management practice was conducted (Kondo et al., 2012). The Best
Management Practices (BMPs) or Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) for reducing
pesticide losses from paddy rice field including Water Holding Period and
Excess Water Storage Depth has been evaluated and recommended.
Ø A number of international cooperation projects has been done so far.
Ø JSPS Sakura project investigated and developed a model for pesticide
model coupled with solute transport model to simulate the behavior of pesticide
movement in paddy soil with French scientist (Tounebize et al., 2006).
Ø Our PCPF-1 model was used to simulate pesticide fate in rice paddy
in Italian condition (Karpouzas et al., 2006) and simulated California (USA) scenarios(Luo
et al., 2011).
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